The F21 error code on a Whirlpool washer is a signal that your machine is having trouble draining water from the drum. This issue is often caused by problems with key components like the drain pump, drain hose, or even the control board. Essentially, the washer is taking longer than expected to remove water, which can disrupt its normal operation.
Understanding this error is crucial because proper drainage is essential for the machine to clean your clothes effectively. If ignored, it can lead to more significant issues, such as water leakage, damage to internal parts, or even a complete halt in the washer’s functioning. By identifying and fixing the root cause of the F21 error, you can ensure that your washer continues to perform efficiently and extend its lifespan.
What Does the F21 Error Code Mean?
The F21 error code on a Whirlpool washer signals a drainage problem. It means the machine is struggling to remove water from the drum. This error usually occurs when there’s a blockage in the drain pump or hose, preventing water from flowing out properly.
In some cases, the issue might be linked to the lid switch assembly, which ensures the washer operates only when the lid is securely closed. The purpose of the F21 code is to alert users to these problems so they can take action. Fortunately, most drainage issues can be resolved with simple troubleshooting, like clearing blockages or inspecting key components.
Common Causes of the F21 Error Code
1. Obstructed Drain Pump
The F21 error code often appears when the drain pump is unable to remove water from the washer’s drum. This happens when debris, such as lint, small objects, or even articles of clothing, gets trapped in the pump. A blocked pump prevents water from flowing through the drain hose, leaving the machine with soiled water and incomplete cycles.
Common signs of an obstructed pump include unusual noises during the drain cycle or water remaining in the tub after a wash. To fix this, the pump needs to be disassembled and cleared of any visible blockages. A thorough flush with hot water can help remove any remaining debris. If the pump continues to make noise or fails to drain properly, it may need to be replaced. For those unfamiliar with washer repairs, seeking help from an appliance professional is recommended to avoid further damage.
2. Blockage in the Drain Hose
A clogged drain hose is a common cause of the F21 error code. The drain hose carries dirty laundry water from your washer’s tub to your home’s drain lines. However, lint, small objects, or other debris can block the hose, preventing proper drainage. This blockage causes water to remain in the drum, leading to excess dirty water sitting in your washer.
When a drain hose is blocked, clearing it is essential to restore proper drainage. This involves removing the hose from the washer and using a snake tool to dislodge debris. To avoid water spills, keep a basin and towels handy during the process. After clearing the blockage, securely reattach the hose to prevent leaks. Test the washer by selecting the “drain” option—if the blockage is gone, water should drain within minutes.
If the problem persists, it may require professional assistance from an appliance expert to fully resolve the issue.
3. Malfunctioning Control Board
The control board in your Whirlpool washer is a crucial component responsible for managing the appliance’s functions, such as displaying error codes and controlling settings like wash temperature, spin speed, and cycle transitions. Essentially, it acts as the brain of your washing machine, interpreting input signals and sending output signals to regulate the various cycles.
When there is a malfunction with the control board, it can result in a failure to properly manage the drainage process, triggering the F21 error code. This can happen if the board sends incorrect signals, which might prevent the washer from completing its drain cycle, causing water to remain in the tub.
Common issues with the control board include faulty wiring, a defective relay, or malfunctioning sensors that prevent it from properly processing commands. These types of problems are often difficult to diagnose and repair without the proper tools and expertise. In such cases, it’s recommended to seek assistance from an appliance professional to ensure the issue is accurately identified and safely resolved. A professional will also check if any other parts of the washer, such as the drain pump or pressure switch, are contributing to the problem.
4. Clogged Pump Filter
The pump filter in your washer plays a vital role in the drainage system by trapping debris, such as lint, small objects, and dirt, that could otherwise clog the drain pump. It acts as a safeguard, ensuring that only clean water passes through the pump and into the drain hose. When the pump filter becomes clogged, it prevents the washer from draining properly, causing water to remain in the tub.
Cleaning the pump filter is essential to maintain proper drainage. A clogged filter can restrict water flow and put unnecessary strain on the pump, potentially leading to more severe damage or even a complete failure of the pump. Regularly cleaning the filter ensures that your washer drains effectively, helping to prevent errors like the F21 code and extending the life of your appliance.
5. Wiring or Electrical Issues
Loose or damaged wiring can disrupt your washer’s ability to drain water properly, leading to the F21 error code. The wiring connects various components of the washing machine, including the control board, drain pump, and other key parts. If these wires are damaged, frayed, or loose, it can cause interruptions in the signals needed for proper drainage.
Common signs of wiring issues include unusual noises from the machine, the washer not draining at all, or the drain pump not receiving power. If you notice any of these signs, it’s a good idea to inspect the wiring connections for any visible damage. However, diagnosing and fixing electrical issues can be tricky and may require professional help to avoid further damage to the washer.
6. Faulty Drain Pump Motor
The drain pump motor is responsible for pushing water out of your washer’s drum during the drain cycle. If the motor is faulty, it may not work correctly, causing the F21 error code to appear. A malfunctioning motor can prevent the water from draining, leaving your washer full of water at the end of a cycle.
To check if the motor is the problem, you can listen for unusual noises when the washer is supposed to be draining. If you hear a humming sound without the water draining, it could be a sign that the motor is struggling to function. You can also test the motor using a multimeter to check for electrical issues or continuity. If the motor is damaged or not working, it will need to be replaced to restore proper drainage. If you’re unsure, it’s best to call a professional for assistance.
How to Fix the F21 Error Code: Detailed Step-by-Step Guide
If your Whirlpool washer is showing the F21 error code, it means there is a drainage issue preventing water from being expelled from the machine properly. Below is a comprehensive step-by-step guide to help you fix the problem.
1. Turn off the washer and disconnect power
Safety first!
Before you start any kind of troubleshooting or repairs on your washer, make sure it is completely powered off. Disconnect the washer from the electrical outlet to eliminate any risk of electric shock while working with electrical components or mechanical parts. This step ensures your safety and prevents accidents from occurring while you inspect the machine.
- Unplug your washer: Remove the power cord from the socket.
- Double-check: Make sure the machine is completely off, and there are no active lights or functions.
2. Inspect and clean the drain hose
The drain hose plays a crucial role in draining water out of the machine. If the drain hose is clogged, kinked, or obstructed in any way, it can stop the water from draining, which causes the F21 error to appear. A blockage in the drain hose could be due to debris, lint, or small objects that get trapped inside.
Here’s how to properly clean and inspect the drain hose:
- Locate the drain hose: The drain hose is typically attached to the back of the washer and is connected to your home’s plumbing system.
- Inspect for visible blockages: Remove the hose and visually check it for any debris, lint, or foreign objects like coins or small items that may have slipped through.
- Use a tool to clear the hose: If you find any blockage, use a long object such as a broomstick, coat hanger, or a drain snake to push out any debris. Be careful not to damage the hose in the process.
- Check for kinks or sharp bends: Ensure the hose is not twisted or bent in a way that could block the water flow. If the hose is kinked, straighten it out so water can pass through smoothly.
- Reattach the hose: After cleaning and inspecting, securely reattach the drain hose to the back of the washer and make sure it’s properly positioned to avoid any future blockages.
3. Check the pump filter for clogs
The pump filter prevents small debris from entering the pump and causing damage or blockages. Over time, dirt, lint, and small objects can accumulate in the filter, preventing the washer from draining properly. A clogged filter can easily trigger the F21 error code, so checking and cleaning the pump filter is an essential step.
Here’s how to clean the pump filter:
- Locate the pump filter: The filter is usually located at the bottom front of the washer. You may need to remove a small panel to access it.
- Remove the filter: Once you locate the filter, twist or unscrew it to take it out of its housing.
- Clean the filter: Rinse the filter under warm water to remove any trapped debris, such as lint, hair, and small clothing items. You can use a small brush or cloth to scrub away stubborn dirt.
- Inspect the filter: Check for any cracks or damage that might require replacing the filter. A damaged filter should be replaced to avoid further issues.
- Reinstall the filter: After cleaning or replacing the filter, carefully reinstall it, ensuring it is tightly secured.
4. Test the drain pump motor for faults
The drain pump motor is responsible for moving water from the washer to the drain. If the motor is malfunctioning, it can prevent proper drainage, causing the F21 error code.
A faulty drain pump motor can result in water not being expelled from the washer, and it’s one of the most common causes of drainage problems.
Here’s how to test the drain pump motor:
- Disconnect power: Make sure the washer is unplugged and has no power running to it.
- Locate the pump motor: The motor is usually attached to the bottom of the washer, near the drain pump.
- Test the motor using a multimeter: A multimeter can help you check if the motor is receiving power or has a break in the circuit. Set the multimeter to measure resistance (ohms), and place the probes on the motor’s terminals.
- If the multimeter reads “0,” it indicates that the motor is likely short-circuited or faulty.
- If the multimeter shows no continuity, it means the motor is not functioning properly and needs to be replaced.
- Listen for unusual noises: If the motor is running but making strange noises or vibrating excessively during the drain cycle, it could be faulty and require replacement.
- Replace the motor if necessary: If the motor is found to be faulty, it will need to be replaced. You can order a new motor specific to your washer model and follow the installation instructions carefully.
5. Examine the wiring and control board for issues
The control board regulates the washer’s functions, including water drainage, while the wiring connects all the components to the control board. If there’s a fault with the control board or wiring, it can cause incorrect signals to be sent to the pump, preventing it from draining the water properly. This can trigger the F21 error code.
To check the wiring and control board:
- Inspect the wiring: Start by checking the wiring that connects the drain pump, motor, and control board. Look for any loose, frayed, or disconnected wires, which could interrupt the power supply to these components. If you see any damaged wires, use electrical tape to secure or replace them.
- Look for visible damage to the control board: The control board is often located behind the washer’s front panel. If you notice any burnt spots, scorched areas, or broken components, the control board is likely damaged and needs replacing.
- Test the control board: If you’re familiar with electronics, you can test the control board using a multimeter to check for continuity and voltage. If the control board is faulty, it will need to be replaced to restore proper functionality.
6. Replace faulty components if necessary
If you’ve found faulty components, such as the drain pump, motor, or control board, replacing them will resolve the F21 error and restore your washer’s drainage function.
Steps to replace the components:
- Order the parts: After diagnosing the faulty parts, order replacements that are compatible with your washer model. Make sure to get the right parts by checking the model number and specifications.
- Turn off the power: Always ensure that the washer is unplugged before beginning the repair.
- Replace the faulty parts: Depending on the part, you may need to remove certain panels or components to access the faulty part. Follow the manufacturer’s instructions for replacing the pump, motor, or control board.
- Reassemble and test: After installing the new parts, reassemble the washer and test it by running a cycle to check if the F21 error is cleared and water drains correctly.
Preventing the F21 Error Code: How to Keep Your Washer Running Smoothly
To avoid the frustrating F21 error code on your Whirlpool washer, regular maintenance and proper care are key. The F21 code typically signals a drainage problem, so taking proactive steps to ensure your washer’s drain system is free from clogs and malfunctions can help prevent this issue. Here’s how you can maintain your washer and avoid drainage problems:
Regular Maintenance for Your Washer
The most effective way to prevent drainage problems and avoid the F21 error code is through consistent maintenance. Cleaning and checking key components of your washer regularly can help identify potential issues before they become bigger problems.
- Pump Filter: Over time, debris like lint and hair can accumulate in your washer’s pump filter. This can obstruct the drainage system, leading to issues like the F21 error code. To avoid this, inspect and clean the pump filter every few months. This helps ensure that debris doesn’t block water flow.
- Drain Hose: The drain hose is essential for carrying water from your washer to the home’s plumbing. If the hose becomes clogged with debris, such as lint or small objects, it can prevent proper drainage, leading to excess water remaining in the washer. Regularly check the hose for visible blockages and signs of damage. If you find any issues, clear the hose or replace it if necessary.
- Drain Pump: The drain pump plays a critical role in expelling water from the washer. If the pump is malfunctioning or clogged, it can prevent water from draining properly. Listen for unusual noises during the draining cycle, as this could indicate a problem with the pump. If necessary, clean or replace the pump to keep your washer running efficiently.
Preventing Clogs and Drainage Issues
A large part of preventing the F21 error code is ensuring that your washer’s drain system remains clear of clogs and blockages. Here’s how you can avoid common drainage issues:
- Avoid Overloading: Overloading your washer can put additional strain on the drain system, making it harder for water to exit the tub properly. This can lead to poor drainage and eventually cause the F21 error code to appear. Stick to the manufacturer’s recommended load capacity to ensure optimal performance and prevent drainage issues.
- Use Proper Detergent: Using too much detergent can cause excessive suds, which can interfere with the washer’s drainage. Always follow the manufacturer’s instructions for detergent usage based on your washer’s capacity, and use high-efficiency detergent for HE washers. This will help prevent excess suds from clogging the pump or drain hose.
- Check Pockets Before Washing: Small items like coins, buttons, or hairpins can end up in the drain hose or pump, causing blockages. Always check your pockets and avoid washing small items loose to prevent these types of objects from causing drainage problems.
Seasonal Tips for Maintaining Your Washer
If you live in a region with extreme temperatures, extra care is needed to ensure your washer’s drain system stays in good condition throughout the year:
- Winter Precautions: In colder climates, frozen water in the drain hose can cause blockages and prevent the washer from draining properly. To avoid this, ensure that your drain hose is insulated during the winter months. If the washer is in a cold area, avoid using it when temperatures are extremely low.
Conclusion
The F21 error code on a Whirlpool washer is a common indication of drainage issues, often caused by a blocked drain pump, clogged hose, malfunctioning control board, or faulty motor. By understanding the root causes and following the appropriate troubleshooting steps, such as inspecting and cleaning key components, you can resolve the issue and restore the washer’s functionality. Regular maintenance, like cleaning the pump filter and checking the drain hose, can help prevent the recurrence of the F21 error. If you’re unable to fix the problem on your own, it’s advisable to seek professional assistance to ensure the repair is done correctly and avoid further damage. Proper care will extend the life of your washer and keep it running efficiently.